Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah dalam Perspektif Lingkungan dan Tata Kelola Publik: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Farida Hasna, Andi Zaelani, Dewi Setyarini

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Pengelolaan sampah merupakan salah satu tantangan lingkungan global yang paling mendesak, di mana kebijakan menjadi instrumen kunci dalam mendorong transisi dari sistem linier menuju ekonomi sirkular. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan dan mensintesis tema-tema utama kebijakan pengelolaan sampah dalam literatur ilmiah internasional, dengan penekanan pada perspektif ilmu lingkungan yang diperkaya sudut pandang tata kelola publik, melalui tinjauan sistematis literatur (systematic literature review) berbasis PRISMA. Pencarian menghasilkan 112 dokumen awal dari basis data Scopus, yang kemudian disaring berdasarkan relevansi tema pada judul dan abstrak, menghasilkan 44 dokumen relevan; satu di antaranya berupa kajian bibliometrik pembanding yang dipisahkan untuk digunakan sebagai rujukan pada bagian Pendahuluan, sehingga tersisa 43 studi primer sebagai dasar sintesis. Sintesis tematik menghasilkan delapan tema berbasis jenis sampah, yang kemudian disilangkan dengan empat kategori instrumen kebijakan (regulatif, ekonomi, informasional, dan kolaboratif/kelembagaan) melalui skema koding berbasis kata kunci yang didokumentasikan secara eksplisit. Hasil koding menunjukkan bahwa dari 43 studi, hanya 10 (23%) yang membahas dimensi tata kelola public kapasitas kelembagaan, koordinasi multi-level, dan partisipasi warga secara eksplisit, 18 (42%) menyinggungnya secara implisit, dan 15 (35%) sama sekali tidak menyentuhnya. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi bahwa strategi pencarian yang digunakan berpusat pada istilah manajemen sampah dan ekonomi sirkular tanpa istilah tata kelola publik, sehingga temuan mengenai minimnya dimensi tersebut perlu dibaca sebagai cerminan sebagian dari desain pencarian itu sendiri, bukan semata gambaran objektif lanskap literatur. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya penelitian lanjutan yang secara sengaja merancang strategi pencarian lintas-disiplin untuk menjangkau literatur tata kelola publik yang mungkin belum tertangkap dalam korpus.

Kata Kunci


Ekonomi Sirkular; Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah; Tata Kelola Lingkungan

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.61316/jrma.v4i2.453

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